Wednesday, December 14, 2016

Increased Abundance of M Cells in the Gut Epithelium Dramatically Enhances Oral Prion Disease Susceptibility


Increased Abundance of M Cells in the Gut Epithelium Dramatically Enhances Oral Prion Disease Susceptibility

  • David S. Donaldson,

Affiliation The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom


  • Anuj Sehgal,

Affiliation The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  • Daniel Rios,

Current address: The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliation Dept. Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

  • Ifor R. Williams,

Affiliation Dept. Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America


  • Neil A. Mabbott

* E-mail: neil.mabbott@roslin.ed.ac.uk

Affiliation The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom



Increased Abundance of M Cells in the Gut Epithelium Dramatically Enhances Oral Prion Disease Susceptibility


  • David S. Donaldson, 
  • Anuj Sehgal, 
  • Daniel Rios, 
  • Ifor R. Williams, 
  • Neil A. Mabbott

PLOS

x



Abstract



Many natural prion diseases of humans and animals are considered to be acquired through oral consumption of contaminated food or pasture. Determining the route by which prions establish host infection will identify the important factors that influence oral prion disease susceptibility and to which intervention strategies can be developed. After exposure, the early accumulation and replication of prions within small intestinal Peyer’s patches is essential for the efficient spread of disease to the brain. To replicate within Peyer’s patches, the prions must first cross the gut epithelium. M cells are specialised epithelial cells within the epithelia covering Peyer’s patches that transcytose particulate antigens and microorganisms. M cell-development is dependent upon RANKL-RANK-signalling, and mice in which RANK is deleted only in the gut epithelium completely lack M cells. In the specific absence of M cells in these mice, the accumulation of prions within Peyer’s patches and the spread of disease to the brain was blocked, demonstrating a critical role for M cells in the initial transfer of prions across the gut epithelium in order to establish host infection. Since pathogens, inflammatory stimuli and aging can modify M cell-density in the gut, these factors may also influence oral prion disease susceptibility. Mice were therefore treated with RANKL to enhance M cell density in the gut. We show that prion uptake from the gut lumen was enhanced in RANKL-treated mice, resulting in shortened survival times and increased disease susceptibility, equivalent to a 10-fold higher infectious titre of prions. Together these data demonstrate that M cells are the critical gatekeepers of oral prion infection, whose density in the gut epithelium directly limits or enhances disease susceptibility. Our data suggest that factors which alter M cell-density in the gut epithelium may be important risk factors which influence host susceptibility to orally acquired prion diseases.


Author Summary



Prion diseases are infectious neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals. Many natural prion diseases are orally acquired through consumption of contaminated food or pasture. An understanding of how prions infect the intestine will help identify factors that influence disease susceptibility and allow the development of new treatments. After oral infection prions first accumulate within the lymphoid tissues that line the intestine (known as Peyer’s patches) before they spread to the brain where they cause neurodegeneration. To do this, the prions must first cross the intestinal epithelium, a single layer of cells that separates the body from the gut contents. M cells are found within the epithelium that covers the Peyer’s patches and are specialised to transport large particles and whole bacteria across the gut epithelium. We show that M cells act as the gatekeepers of oral prion infection. In the absence of M cells, oral prion infection is blocked, whereas an increase in M cells increases the risk of prion infection and shortens the disease duration. Therefore, our data demonstrate that factors such as pathogen infection, inflammation and aging, which alter the abundance of M cells in the intestine, may be important risk factors which influence susceptibility to orally-acquired prion infections.


snip...


In conclusion, we show that the initial uptake and transfer of prions across the gut epithelium in association with M cells is essential to establish host infection. Importantly, we also demonstrate that the density of M cells in the FAE overlying the Peyer’s patches in the small intestine directly controls the efficiency of oral prion infection. In the specific absence of M cells, the uptake and accumulation of prions in Peyer’s patches and their subsequent spread to the MLN and spleen is blocked. In contrast, oral prion disease susceptibility was enhanced approximately 10-fold in mice in which M cell-deficiency in the gut epithelium was increased. Thus, M cells could be considered as the gatekeepers of oral prion infection whose density directly limits or enhances disease susceptibility. Further studies are necessary to determine whether most orally acquired prion strains similarly exploit intestinal M cells to establish host infection after oral exposure, but data from independent in vivo and in vitro studies using mouse-passaged RML scrapie prions [30], Fukuoka-1 prions [31], BSE prions [32] and 263K hamster prions [17] imply a similar requirement. Antigen sampling M cells are also present in the FAE overlying the NALT in the nasal cavity [44, 45], but data from the analysis of prion disease pathogenesis in hamsters implies that the requirement for M cell-mediated uptake may vary depending on the route of exposure [85]. After intra-nasal exposure some transient uptake of 263K prions was observed in M cells within the FAE overlying the NALT, but a greater magnitude of paracellular transport across the epithelia within the nasal cavity was also noted [85]. Although certain concurrent pathogen infections, inflammatory stimuli and aging may have multiple effects on the gut epithelium, our data suggest that factors such as these that can modify M cell-density in the small intestine [25, 39, 40, 71] may represent important risk factors which can significantly influence susceptibility to orally-acquired prion infections. Our data also raise the possibility that the density of M cells in the gut epithelium may similarly influence susceptibility to other important orally-acquired bacterial and viral pathogens which are considered to exploit M cells to infect the host [2428].





Wednesday, March 02, 2016



Endoscope Maker Olympus Agrees To $646 Million Settlement Over Kickbacks, while still ignoring the elephant in the room, CJD TSE PRIONS






Wednesday, December 14, 2016



Diagnosis of Human Prion Disease Using Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion Testing of Olfactory Mucosa and Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples






TSS




Monday, December 5, 2016

Prion Institute protein folding and misfolding; pathobiology of TSEs; surveillance, control; and TSEs

The Prion Institute focuses on the following areas of research excellence: protein folding and misfolding; pathobiology of TSEs; surveillance and control; and TSEs and society. 

Applications must be submitted through the Agriculture Funding Consortium website.

ALBERTA ALZHEIMER RESEARCH PROGRAM

The Alberta Prion Research Institute (Prion Institute) and the Alzheimer Society of Alberta and Northwest Territories (ASANT) present the Alberta Alzheimer Research Program (AARP). The AARP allows qualified Alberta investigators to seek funding for research directly related to Alzheimer’s disease in areas related to understanding the fundamental mechanisms of the disease and/or improving the quality of life of those with Alzheimer’s disease. There are two streams for grants: Young Investigator Grants and Regular Research Grants. Young Investigator Grants are available to Alberta researchers who are within five years of their first appointment after completing their research training. These grants are for up to $200,000 with a term of up to three years. Regular Research Grants are available to all Alberta researchers, including young investigators. These grants are for up to $150,000 with a term of up to three years.

Application Deadline: January 16, 2017

Program Guidelines
Funding Declaration
Budget Spreadsheet


EXPLORATIONS

The Explorations Program allows Alberta-based investigators to seek funding for research directly related to prion diseases and prion-like human neurodegenerative diseases and dementias. The research themes for this program are protein folding and misfolding in prion diseases, the pathobiology of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), surveillance and control of prion diseases, TSEs and society, protein folding and misfolding in prion-like human neurodegenerative diseases, and prion-like mechanisms in human neurodegenerative diseases. The Alberta Prion Research Institute offers two tiers of funding for the Explorations competition: grants of up to $200,000 for a maximum of two years and grants of up to $500,000 for a maximum of three years.

Application Deadline: no current competition


SPECIFIED RISK MATERIALS PROGRAM

The Specified Risk Materials Program is intended to allow qualified investigators to seek funding for research directly related to the following areas of specified risk materials (SRM): detection of prions in complex matrices; SRM as feedstock for processes and products; disposition and disposal methods; cost benefit estimates of existing or new disposition and disposal methodologies; risk assessment; risk communication about SRM and risks and benefits of disposition and disposal of SRM; and other. Funding is accessible for all relevant fields of inquiry in the themes as described in the guideline to develop innovative disposition and disposal methods and/or uses of specified risk materials. This competition will support grants of up to $500,000 for a period of up to three years. 

Application Deadline: no current competition


 RESEARCH TEAM PROGRAM

The Research Team Program allows teams of qualified investigators to seek funding for research directly related to prion diseases and prion-like human neurodegenerative diseases and dementias. The research themes for this program are protein folding and misfolding in prion diseases, the pathobiology of TSEs, surveillance and control of prion diseases, TSEs and society, protein folding and misfolding in prion-like human neurodegenerative diseases and prion-like mechanisms in the pathobiology of prion-like human neurodegenerative diseases. The program is designed to encourage collaboration within Alberta and between Alberta-based investigators and researchers outside of Alberta. The team of researchers must be from at least two different research institutions. The Alberta Prion Research Institute provides up to $750,000 for a team grant over a maximum of three years.

Application Deadline: no current competition



 IDeal PROGRAM

 The IDeal Program, also known as the Innovation and Delivery Program, was created to encourage collaboration among industry, Alberta universities and research institutions. The Alberta Prion Research Institute invites applications for research and development projects undertaken by Alberta-based private sector organizations or public sector researchers and their private sector partners. A private sector partner may be a company, an industry association or similar body. Direct project costs are shared by private sector partners and the funders. IDeal grants are typically of an applied nature and directed at a specific challenge identified by the private sector partner and the industry. Themes accessible for funding are:
  • Protein folding and misfolding in prion diseases;
  • The pathobiology of TSEs;
  • Surveillance and control of prion diseases;
  • Diagnostic technologies;
  • Solutions to enhance market access;
  • Innovative disposal and/or uses of specified risk material;
  • TSEs and society;
  • Protein folding and misfolding in prion-like human neurodegenerative diseases; and
  • Prion-like mechanisms in human neurodegenerative diseases.
     
Funding may be up to $500,000. Projects may range from one to three years in duration.

Application Deadline: continuous intake


GUEST SPEAKER SUPPORT PROGRAM

The Guest Speaker Support Program is designed to disseminate knowledge to the Alberta research and science community by offering funding to help bring notable researchers in prion and protein misfolding science to Alberta to present lectures and to participate in panel discussions. These experts assist with planning or implementing collaborative research programs and/or explore and evaluate recent breakthroughs in prion science. Speakers might be involved in research related activities or public studies or both. Funds are provided primarily to offset the costs of travel and accommodation for guest speakers. Support of up to $1,500 is provided for speakers travelling within North America, and up to $2,500 is provided for speakers travelling from outside North America. In some cases, the Alberta Prion Research Institute will consider application for a contribution toward the cost of conducting an associated conference, symposia or workshop.

Application Deadline: continuous intake


EXPANDING HORIZONS PROGRAM

The Expanding Horizons Program is a professional development program for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows who are currently working on prion research. The objective of this program is to provide research trainees with access to mentoring in order to develop skills and knowledge that are applicable both within and outside of the lab. Seminars focus on career development in research as well as other careers they might undertake such as those in industry or policy making. Ensuring trainees are skilled in topics like lab management, networking, communicating, interview skills and grant crafting will benefit their futures as well as the future of prion research.




Self-Propagative Replication of Ab Oligomers Suggests Potential Transmissibility in Alzheimer Disease

*** Singeltary comment PLoS ***

Alzheimer’s disease and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy prion disease, Iatrogenic,
what if ?

Posted by flounder on 05 Nov 2014 at 21:27 GMT

http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?root=82860

Sunday, November 22, 2015

*** Effect of heating on the stability of amyloid A (AA) fibrils and the intra- and cross-species transmission of AA amyloidosis Abstract

Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disease characterized by extracellular deposition of AA fibrils. AA fibrils are found in several tissues from food animals with AA amyloidosis. For hygienic purposes, heating is widely used to inactivate microbes in food, but it is uncertain whether heating is sufficient to inactivate AA fibrils and prevent intra- or cross-species transmission. We examined the effect of heating (at 60 °C or 100 °C) and autoclaving (at 121 °C or 135 °C) on murine and bovine AA fibrils using Western blot analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and mouse model transmission experiments. TEM revealed that a mixture of AA fibrils and amorphous aggregates appeared after heating at 100 °C, whereas autoclaving at 135 °C produced large amorphous aggregates. AA fibrils retained antigen specificity in Western blot analysis when heated at 100 °C or autoclaved at 121 °C, but not when autoclaved at 135 °C. Transmissible pathogenicity of murine and bovine AA fibrils subjected to heating (at 60 °C or 100 °C) was significantly stimulated and resulted in amyloid deposition in mice. Autoclaving of murine AA fibrils at 121 °C or 135 °C significantly decreased amyloid deposition. Moreover, amyloid deposition in mice injected with murine AA fibrils was more severe than that in mice injected with bovine AA fibrils. Bovine AA fibrils autoclaved at 121 °C or 135 °C did not induce amyloid deposition in mice. These results suggest that AA fibrils are relatively heat stable and that similar to prions, autoclaving at 135 °C is required to destroy the pathogenicity of AA fibrils. These findings may contribute to the prevention of AA fibril transmission through food materials to different animals and especially to humans.

Purchase options Price * Issue Purchase USD 511.00 Article Purchase USD 54.00

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/13506129.2015.1095735?journalCode=iamy20

http://betaamyloidcjd.blogspot.com/2015/11/effect-of-heating-on-stability-of.html
 
SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY

Alzheimer-type brain pathology may be transmitted by grafts of dura mater 26/01/2016 Singeltary comment ;

http://blog.smw.ch/alzheimer-type-brain-pathology-may-be-transmitted-by-grafts-of-dura-mater/#comment-89016

re-Evidence for human transmission of amyloid-β pathology and cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Nature 525, 247?250 (10 September 2015) doi:10.1038/nature15369 Received 26 April 2015 Accepted 14 August 2015 Published online 09 September 2015 Updated online 11 September 2015 Erratum (October, 2015)

snip...see full Singeltary Nature comment here;

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v525/n7568/full/nature15369.html#/comments

Sunday, December 04, 2016

Heidenhain variant of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in a patient who had bovine bioprosthetic valve implantation

Year : 2016 | Volume : 64 | Issue : 10 | Page : 767-769


Thursday, December 1, 2016

PRION2017 DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS 23 – 26 May 2017 Edinburgh

http://prionprp.blogspot.com/2016/12/prion2017-deciphering-neurodegenerative.html

Saturday, December 03, 2016

TEXAS CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE CWD TSE PRION UPDATE 35 CASES TO DATE



Thursday, December 1, 2016
 

The European Union summary report on data of the surveillance of ruminants for the presence of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in 2015

 
 
 
Tuesday, November 29, 2016
 
Transmissibility of Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome in rodent models: new insights into the molecular underpinnings of prion infectivity
 
 

Saturday, July 23, 2016

BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY BSE TSE PRION SURVEILLANCE, TESTING, AND SRM REMOVAL UNITED STATE OF AMERICA UPDATE JULY 2016

http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2016/07/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-bse.html


Tuesday, July 26, 2016

Atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE TSE Prion UPDATE JULY 2016

http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2016/07/atypical-bovine-spongiform.html
 

*** Calling Canadian beef unsafe is like calling your twin sister ugly," Dopp said.

Thursday, August 25, 2016

*** FSIS Green Bay Dressed Beef Recalls Beef Products Due To Possible Specified Risk Materials Contamination the most high risk materials for BSE TSE PRION AKA MAD COW TYPE DISEASE ***

http://specifiedriskmaterial.blogspot.com/2016/08/fsis-green-bay-dressed-beef-recalls.html


Tuesday, August 9, 2016

*** Concurrence with OIE Risk Designations for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [Docket No. APHIS-2015-0055]

http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2016/08/concurrence-with-oie-risk-designations.html



 why do we not want to do TSE transmission studies on chimpanzees $

5. A positive result from a chimpanzee challenged severly would likely create alarm in some circles even if the result could not be interpreted for man. I have a view that all these agents could be transmitted provided a large enough dose by appropriate routes was given and the animals kept long enough. Until the mechanisms of the species barrier are more clearly understood it might be best to retain that hypothesis.

 snip...

 R. BRADLEY

http://collections.europarchive.org/tna/20080102222950/http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/files/yb/1990/09/23001001.pdf


http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=313160


SCRAPIE WS-01: Prion diseases in animals and zoonotic potential 2016

Prion. 10:S15-S21. 2016 ISSN: 1933-6896 printl 1933-690X online

http://scrapie-usa.blogspot.com/2016/04/scrapie-ws-01-prion-diseases-in-animals.html


Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Singeltary, Sr et al. JAMA.2001; 285: 733-734. Vol. 285 No. 6, February 14, 2001 JAMA

Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

To the Editor: In their Research Letter, Dr Gibbons and colleagues1 reported that the annual US death rate due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been stable since 1985. These estimates, however, are based only on reported cases, and do not include misdiagnosed or preclinical cases. It seems to me that misdiagnosis alone would drastically change these figures. An unknown number of persons with a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in fact may have CJD, although only a small number of these patients receive the postmortem examination necessary to make this diagnosis. Furthermore, only a few states have made CJD reportable. Human and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies should be reportable nationwide and internationally.

Terry S. Singeltary, Sr Bacliff, Tex

1. Gibbons RV, Holman RC, Belay ED, Schonberger LB. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States: 1979-1998. JAMA. 2000;284:2322-2323.

http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1031186

26 March 2003

Terry S. Singeltary, retired (medically) CJD WATCH

I lost my mother to hvCJD (Heidenhain Variant CJD). I would like to comment on the CDC's attempts to monitor the occurrence of emerging forms of CJD. Asante, Collinge et al [1] have reported that BSE transmission to the 129-methionine genotype can lead to an alternate phenotype that is indistinguishable from type 2 PrPSc, the commonest sporadic CJD. However, CJD and all human TSEs are not reportable nationally. CJD and all human TSEs must be made reportable in every state and internationally. I hope that the CDC does not continue to expect us to still believe that the 85%+ of all CJD cases which are sporadic are all spontaneous, without route/source. We have many TSEs in the USA in both animal and man. CWD in deer/elk is spreading rapidly and CWD does transmit to mink, ferret, cattle, and squirrel monkey by intracerebral inoculation. With the known incubation periods in other TSEs, oral transmission studies of CWD may take much longer. Every victim/family of CJD/TSEs should be asked about route and source of this agent. To prolong this will only spread the agent and needlessly expose others. In light of the findings of Asante and Collinge et al, there should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and surgical arena from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many sporadic CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?

http://www.neurology.org/content/60/2/176/reply#neurology_el_535

Sent: Monday, January 08,2001 3:03 PM

TO: freas@CBS5055530.CBER.FDA.GOV

FDA CJD BSE TSE Prion Scientific Advisors and Consultants Staff January 2001 Meeting Singeltary Submission

2001 FDA CJD TSE Prion Singeltary Submission

http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf

2 January 2000

British Medical Journal

U.S. Scientist should be concerned with a CJD epidemic in the U.S., as well

http://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/10/28/us-scientist-should-be-concerned-cjd-epidemic-us-well

15 November 1999

British Medical Journal

vCJD in the USA * BSE in U.S.

http://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/10/28/re-vcjd-usa-bse-us ;;
 
 
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518

Thursday, December 1, 2016

PRION2017 DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS 23 – 26 May 2017 Edinburgh

-----Original Message-----

From: Terry Singeltary <flounder9@verizon.net>

To: prion2017 <>

Cc: amanda.nevitt <>

Sent: Thu, Dec 1, 2016 3:47 pm

Subject: PRION2017 DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS 23 – 26 May 2017 Edinburgh

Greetings PRION2017 et al,

about the upcoming PRION2017 conference ;


PRION2017 DECIPHERING NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS 23 – 26 May 2017 Edinburgh
 
 
 
Please use the programme below to view each day of the conference. Please note that this is the provisional programme and may be subject to change. For a short biography on each speaker, please click on the speaker’s name.
 
Tuesday 23rd May Wednesday 24th May Thursday 25th May Friday 26th May
 
14:00 Introduction to meeting Professor Sheila Rowan Chief Scientific Advisor, CSO University of Glasgow United Kingdom
 
14:15 Future Public Health challenges in Prion Disease Professor Bob Will National CJD Research& Surveillance Unit, University of Edinburgh United Kingdom
 
14:45 Future scientific challenges in prion disease Professor Bruce Chesebro Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, USA United States of America
 
15:15 Coffee-Tea
 
15:45 Post-Doc Formun – 10 short presentations
 
17:45 Welcome Reception
 
 

Sponsorship


This is a fantastic opportunity to network with around 400 professionals from a variety of specialities that include businesses, academics, governments, science institutes and NGOs. Those who have exhibited at previous conferences have commented on the relaxed and collaborative relationship between professionals and industry. This unique environment brings together leading researchers and innovators to kick-start the next wave of ideas and innovation in this field. PRION 2017 will have delegates from over 30 countries and is a unique opportunity to expand contacts and potentially develop new markets. Promote your organisation before, during and after the event through our range of digital and print media channels and partnership packages.
 
Partnership with PRION 2017 will be a key step for your company in fostering partnerships with the International PRION community. This opportunity allows your company, product and brand to be uniquely and actively showcased at this high calibre, innovation driven conference. It will also allow your company to meet new business partners, generate new ideas, gather new knowledge, and foster collaborations. Our all-encompassing themes provides the content for a vast array of industry participation and there is the opportunity to align your core value with those themes outlined. We invite you to be part of PRION 2017 so you can effectively connect with decision makers within your target market.
 
 

Delegates


We expect to welcome more than 400 academics, strategists, innovators, policy makers and researchers from public and private sector across the national and international field of Prion research. We will bring together the people who will deliver action on the ground – from business, industry, NGOs, local government and communities – to share knowledge, ideas and experience with researchers and policymakers.
 
WHO WILL ATTEND?
  • Researchers and educators from leading academic institutions around the world
  • Clinicians and professionals from health and social care
  • Regional, national and international policy makers in health
  • Industry experts from UK, EU and global companies, from SMEs to multinationals
  • Thought leaders and decision makers in healthcare, third sector, governments, and industry; Data scientists and solution developers from public and private sectors
  • Information governance, best practice & regulatory experts
  • The next generation: PhD students; early career researchers and rising stars in industry
 
 
 
Greetings PRION2017 et al,
 
I can't wait for next years PRION Conference from Edinburgh, and the TSE Prion science. Looking forward to reading the abstracts full of TSE Prion science and the latest there from. I hope it is freely accessible to the lay public. This is very important as to help stop this disease, to educate the lay public about this deadly disease, the TSE Prion. Thank you all kindly for your continued work to find cause and cure for the TSE Prion disease, and decipher the science amongst and between them all. ...Good Luck!
 
kindest regards, terry
 
 

Thursday, December 1, 2016

 

The European Union summary report on data of the surveillance of ruminants for the presence of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in 2015

 
 
Saturday, July 23, 2016

BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY BSE TSE PRION SURVEILLANCE, TESTING, AND SRM REMOVAL UNITED STATE OF AMERICA UPDATE JULY 2016

http://bovineprp.blogspot.com/2016/07/bovine-spongiform-encephalopathy-bse.html

Tuesday, July 26, 2016

Atypical Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE TSE Prion UPDATE JULY 2016

http://bse-atypical.blogspot.com/2016/07/atypical-bovine-spongiform.html
 
 
Tuesday, November 29, 2016
 
Transmissibility of Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome in rodent models: new insights into the molecular underpinnings of prion infectivity
 
 
Self-Propagative Replication of Ab Oligomers Suggests Potential Transmissibility in Alzheimer Disease

*** Singeltary comment PLoS ***

Alzheimer’s disease and Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy prion disease, Iatrogenic,
what if ?

Posted by flounder on 05 Nov 2014 at 21:27 GMT

http://www.plosone.org/annotation/listThread.action?root=82860

Sunday, November 22, 2015

*** Effect of heating on the stability of amyloid A (AA) fibrils and the intra- and cross-species transmission of AA amyloidosis Abstract

Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is a protein misfolding disease characterized by extracellular deposition of AA fibrils. AA fibrils are found in several tissues from food animals with AA amyloidosis. For hygienic purposes, heating is widely used to inactivate microbes in food, but it is uncertain whether heating is sufficient to inactivate AA fibrils and prevent intra- or cross-species transmission. We examined the effect of heating (at 60 °C or 100 °C) and autoclaving (at 121 °C or 135 °C) on murine and bovine AA fibrils using Western blot analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and mouse model transmission experiments. TEM revealed that a mixture of AA fibrils and amorphous aggregates appeared after heating at 100 °C, whereas autoclaving at 135 °C produced large amorphous aggregates. AA fibrils retained antigen specificity in Western blot analysis when heated at 100 °C or autoclaved at 121 °C, but not when autoclaved at 135 °C. Transmissible pathogenicity of murine and bovine AA fibrils subjected to heating (at 60 °C or 100 °C) was significantly stimulated and resulted in amyloid deposition in mice. Autoclaving of murine AA fibrils at 121 °C or 135 °C significantly decreased amyloid deposition. Moreover, amyloid deposition in mice injected with murine AA fibrils was more severe than that in mice injected with bovine AA fibrils. Bovine AA fibrils autoclaved at 121 °C or 135 °C did not induce amyloid deposition in mice. These results suggest that AA fibrils are relatively heat stable and that similar to prions, autoclaving at 135 °C is required to destroy the pathogenicity of AA fibrils. These findings may contribute to the prevention of AA fibril transmission through food materials to different animals and especially to humans.

Purchase options Price * Issue Purchase USD 511.00 Article Purchase USD 54.00

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/13506129.2015.1095735?journalCode=iamy20

http://betaamyloidcjd.blogspot.com/2015/11/effect-of-heating-on-stability-of.html
 
SWISS MEDICAL WEEKLY

Alzheimer-type brain pathology may be transmitted by grafts of dura mater 26/01/2016 Singeltary comment ;

http://blog.smw.ch/alzheimer-type-brain-pathology-may-be-transmitted-by-grafts-of-dura-mater/#comment-89016

re-Evidence for human transmission of amyloid-β pathology and cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Nature 525, 247?250 (10 September 2015) doi:10.1038/nature15369 Received 26 April 2015 Accepted 14 August 2015 Published online 09 September 2015 Updated online 11 September 2015 Erratum (October, 2015)

snip...see full Singeltary Nature comment here;

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v525/n7568/full/nature15369.html#/comments
 
Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Singeltary, Sr et al. JAMA.2001; 285: 733-734. Vol. 285 No. 6, February 14, 2001 JAMA

Diagnosis and Reporting of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

To the Editor: In their Research Letter, Dr Gibbons and colleagues1 reported that the annual US death rate due to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has been stable since 1985. These estimates, however, are based only on reported cases, and do not include misdiagnosed or preclinical cases. It seems to me that misdiagnosis alone would drastically change these figures. An unknown number of persons with a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease in fact may have CJD, although only a small number of these patients receive the postmortem examination necessary to make this diagnosis. Furthermore, only a few states have made CJD reportable. Human and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies should be reportable nationwide and internationally.

Terry S. Singeltary, Sr Bacliff, Tex

1. Gibbons RV, Holman RC, Belay ED, Schonberger LB. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States: 1979-1998. JAMA. 2000;284:2322-2323.

http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1031186

26 March 2003

Terry S. Singeltary, retired (medically) CJD WATCH

I lost my mother to hvCJD (Heidenhain Variant CJD). I would like to comment on the CDC's attempts to monitor the occurrence of emerging forms of CJD. Asante, Collinge et al [1] have reported that BSE transmission to the 129-methionine genotype can lead to an alternate phenotype that is indistinguishable from type 2 PrPSc, the commonest sporadic CJD. However, CJD and all human TSEs are not reportable nationally. CJD and all human TSEs must be made reportable in every state and internationally. I hope that the CDC does not continue to expect us to still believe that the 85%+ of all CJD cases which are sporadic are all spontaneous, without route/source. We have many TSEs in the USA in both animal and man. CWD in deer/elk is spreading rapidly and CWD does transmit to mink, ferret, cattle, and squirrel monkey by intracerebral inoculation. With the known incubation periods in other TSEs, oral transmission studies of CWD may take much longer. Every victim/family of CJD/TSEs should be asked about route and source of this agent. To prolong this will only spread the agent and needlessly expose others. In light of the findings of Asante and Collinge et al, there should be drastic measures to safeguard the medical and surgical arena from sporadic CJDs and all human TSEs. I only ponder how many sporadic CJDs in the USA are type 2 PrPSc?

http://www.neurology.org/content/60/2/176/reply#neurology_el_535

Sent: Monday, January 08,2001 3:03 PM

TO: freas@CBS5055530.CBER.FDA.GOV

FDA CJD BSE TSE Prion Scientific Advisors and Consultants Staff January 2001 Meeting Singeltary Submission

2001 FDA CJD TSE Prion Singeltary Submission

http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/01/slides/3681s2_09.pdf

2 January 2000

British Medical Journal

U.S. Scientist should be concerned with a CJD epidemic in the U.S., as well

http://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/10/28/us-scientist-should-be-concerned-cjd-epidemic-us-well

15 November 1999

British Medical Journal

vCJD in the USA * BSE in U.S.

http://www.bmj.com/rapid-response/2011/10/28/re-vcjd-usa-bse-us ;;
 
 
Terry S. Singeltary Sr.
Bacliff, Texas USA 77518